the presence of the Dorians in Greece at all.more generally, the distribution of the Dorians in Classical Greece.at least the replacement of dialects and traditions in southern Greece in pre-classical times.The Dorian invasion is a modern historical concept attempting to account for:
That provides circumstantial evidence that the Doric dialect disseminated among the Hellenes of northwest Greece, a highly-mountainous and somewhat-isolated region. Unlike the East Greeks, they are not associated with any evidence of displacement events. West Greek speakers were in western Greece in classical times. No records other than Mycenaean ones are known to have existed in the Bronze Age so a West Greek of that time and place can be neither proved nor disproved. This theory of a return or invasion presupposes that West Greek speakers resided in northwest Greece but overran the Peloponnesus replacing the East Greek there with their own dialect. An historical event is associated with the overthrow, called anciently the Return of the Heracleidai and by moderns the Dorian Invasion. The geographic and ethnic information found in the west's earliest known literary work, the Iliad, combined with the administrative records of the former Mycenaean states, prove to universal satisfaction that East Greek speakers were once dominant in the Peloponnesus but suffered a setback there and were replaced at least in official circles by West Greek speakers. The dialect is known from records of classical northwestern Greece, the Peloponnesus and Crete and some of the islands. In modern scholarship, the term has often meant the location of the population disseminating the Doric Greek dialect within a hypothetical Proto-Greek speaking population. The origin of the Dorians is a multifaceted concept. This closely parallels mythology, which says that Dorians are of Greek origin through the founder, Dorus, son of Hellen, in turn the son of Deucalion, the mythological patriarch of the Hellenes. Modern archaeology and genetics places their origins in Anatolia. One theory, widely believed in ancient times, is that they originated in the mountainous regions of Greece, such as Macedonia and Epirus, and obscure circumstances brought them south into the Peloponnese, to certain Aegean islands, Magna Graecia, Lapithos and Crete. 1.3 Post-migrational distribution of the DoriansĪccounts vary as to the Dorians' place of origin.Tigerstedt, nineteenth-century European admirers of virtues they considered "Dorian" identified themselves as " Laconophile" and found responsive parallels in the culture of their day as well their biases contribute to the traditional modern interpretation of "Dorians". Moderns viewing these ethnic identifications through the 5th and 4th century BC literary tradition have been profoundly influenced by their own social politics. At the other extreme John Alty reinterprets the sources to conclude that ethnicity did motivate fifth-century actions. At one extreme Édouard Will concludes that there was no true ethnic component in fifth-century Greek culture, in spite of anti-Dorian elements in Athenian propaganda. The degree to which fifth-century Hellenes self-identified as "Ionian" or "Dorian" has itself been disputed. In the 5th century BC, Dorians and Ionians were the two most politically important Greek ethnē, whose ultimate clash resulted in the Peloponnesian War. Dorians were distinguished by the Doric Greek dialect and by characteristic social and historical traditions. Dorian states at war could more likely, but not always, count on the assistance of other Dorian states. And yet, all Hellenes knew which localities were Dorian, and which were not. They were diverse in way of life and social organization, varying from the populous trade center of the city of Corinth, known for its ornate style in art and architecture, to the isolationist, military state of Sparta. They are almost always referred to as just "the Dorians", as they are called in the earliest literary mention of them in the Odyssey, where they already can be found inhabiting the island of Crete. The Dorians ( / ˈ d ɔːr i ə n z/ Greek: Δωριεῖς, Dōrieîs, singular Δωριεύς, Dōrieús) were one of the four major ethnic groups into which the Hellenes (or Greeks) of Classical Greece divided themselves (along with the Aeolians, Achaeans, and Ionians).
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